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How Does ADHD Medication Work? When one neuron transmits signals to another, it uses neurotransmitters, which are chemicals that act as. These chemicals must cross a small gap that is called a synapse. Certain ADHD medications help in the passing along of these messages more efficient. They can assist neurons in the release of more neurotransmitters, or slow down the process of reuptake (called reuptake inhibitors). Doctors start ADHD patients with a lower dose and monitor their response. They adjust the dosage over time to determine the “sweet spot” -the lowest dose that offers clear improvement in symptoms with few adverse effects. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate, the first medication that doctors attempt to use to help ADHD kids, is often Methylphenidate. It works by increasing the amount of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brains of children which help them focus and pay attention. It also reduces their hyperactivity and impulsivity. Remember that methylphenidate should only be taken with an appointment with a doctor since it is a controlled drug. Ritalin is the most commonly used methylphenidate drug. It is available in immediate-release tablets or chewable tablets as well as capsules. Some versions of this medication contain artificial sweeteners such as aspartame, which can be harmful for those suffering from phenylketonuria (an inheritable condition that causes severe intellectual disability). Inform your doctor if you or your child suffer from food allergies. Researchers have found that methylphenidate may reduce abnormal activity, especially in the accumbens' nucleus and also a network of brain networks involved in adaptive control. This could explain why methylphenidate is among the most effective medications for treating ADHD. Side effects of stimulants include headaches, nausea, insomnia, anxiety, agitation or the tics and agitation. They aren't common, but they could be serious. If you experience any of them, you should call your doctor immediately. You should also inform your doctor if you or your child is suffering from allergies or an underlying heart condition or depression, bipolar disorder, or any other mental health issues or glaucoma, a past history of stroke or seizures, or if you are taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) like isocarboxazid (Marplan), linezolid (Zyvox), Methylene Blue, or Phenelzine (Nardil). It's important to take methylphenidate exactly as prescribed by your physician. Amphetamines Amphetamines can help you focus on your thoughts and ignore distractions by speeding up the transmission of messages between brain cells. They are the most common medications used to treat ADHD in children and adults. They increase the level of neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine in your brain. Amphetamines are available both in short-acting (immediate-release) and intermediate or long-acting forms. They can be consumed orally or by injection. Some people have a tough to deal with the negative side effects of stimulant medication, such as restlessness, difficulty sleeping or an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. Your doctor will be able to monitor your symptoms and adjust your dosage to find the best one for you. Some patients may need to take a mixture of drugs to achieve the desired effects. Drugs that stimulate the brain affect two key neurotransmitters located in the prefrontal cortex. This is the part of the brain that regulates emotions and governs your behavior. These drugs are prescribed to treat a variety of mental health issues that include depression, ADD/ADHD, anxiety and bipolar disorder. Amphetamines and methylphenidates are the most popular stimulant drugs. The FDA has approved dozens of brand-name stimulants for treating ADHD. They are available in a variety of forms, from short-acting to long-acting and are administered either by injection or orally. Amphetamines are frequently misused by teenagers who take them to keep awake and study for exams, as well as by truck drivers and students that require extra energy for endurance sports. They can also trigger physical and psychological problems if used in excess, particularly with higher doses. ADHD can be treated with non-stimulant medications. These include atomoxetine clonidine and Guanfacine. They are in the same class as antidepressants and belong to the norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists classes. They are based with the same chemicals as stimulants, but they are less likely to cause the tics worse, which is a problem for those with Tourette's Syndrome. Short-acting stimulants These medications are used to treat children and teens with ADHD. They can be taken by mouth or applied on the skin. They are available as pills that can be swallowed or chewed or chewed, capsules that can be opened and sprinkled on food, and liquid and patches. These drugs are usually only available with a prescription. These medications include methylphenidate (brand names Ritalin, Concerta, Focalin, Daytrana), and amphetamines (Adderall, Dexedrine, Vyvanse). Short-acting stimulants have a rapid effect and last between 3 and 6 hours. These drugs ease symptoms for 70 percent to 80% children and adults suffering from ADHD. They reduce the tendency to fidget and interrupting, and make it easier to finish tasks. They can also improve academic performance and relationships. They can't correct the root issues that create ADHD. It's therefore important to utilize them in conjunction with behavior therapy. It's also important to understand that ADHD medicines have side effects. They can make you sleepy or cranky, and they could interfere with your sleep. These effects are usually minimal, and they disappear when the medicine leaves your system. Your doctor might ask you to take a small dose at first and then gradually increase it. They will be watching you or your child closely to determine whether there are any issues with the medication. Finding the right medication for your child or yourself might take some time. It is best to be honest with your health care team and communicate clearly. adhd in adults medication may suggest changes to how often you or your child takes the medication or even when it's required at all. They'll also want to know whether you or your child is suffering from any other medical or mental health issues. Intermediate stimulants Stimulants work to control ADHD symptoms by altering the activity of important neurotransmitters in the brain. This increases the levels of norepinephrine as well as dopamine, two chemicals important for the pre-frontal cortical region of the brain. (Think of it as “your secretary” in the executive part of your mind). Stimulant medications are efficient for the majority of ADHD children. Your doctor will assist you to determine the best medication and dosage for you. It is possible to test various kinds of medication before you can find the one that is right for you or your children. It is possible to take stimulants with immediate release in liquid form as well as chewable tablets. These medications perform quickly and last for three to four hours. The “crash effect” is a sign that the medication wears off. This is characterized by rapid reduction in energy levels as well as intense hunger. Long-acting stimulants (like dexamfetamine and Lisdexamfetamine) are also available. They are more complicated and require prescriptions. They are injected into the bloodstream and are then converted from inactive active in red blood cells. Finding the right dosage, medication and schedule for your child or for yourself can take time. Your doctor will keep track of how you react to the medication and will be on the lookout for any issues such as sleep disturbances. If you or your child are not responding well to stimulants, they will also discuss non-stimulant medication. Never stop or change your ADHD medication without consulting your doctor. Tell your doctor if you take any prescription drugs or supplements, as some could interact with ADHD medications. Long-acting stimulants For 70-80% adults and children with ADHD stimulant medications work in decreasing hyperactivity, interrupting behaviour such as fidgeting, impulsivity and fidgeting. They also help increase focus and help people finish their tasks and maintain relationships. However, they aren't able to reduce moodiness or other problematic symptoms. They may also cause side effects such as loss of appetite, insomnia and anxiety. They can also cause stomachaches, changes in the heart rhythm, and high blood pressure. These medications work in phases aiding in the treatment of ADHD symptoms throughout the day. Most begin to take effect within 30 to 45 minutes. They wear off within 3 to 6 hours. They can be used on their own or with other types of ADHD treatment, like behavioral therapy. Some of these stimulants that act long-lastingly such as the atomoxetine (Strattera) and Guanfacine-ER (Intuniv), last through the night and into the next morning. Some doctors suggest taking these in the afternoon to prevent patients from needing additional medication during school or in the afternoon. Long-acting stimulants don't increase dopamine levels as much as short- and intermediate-acting drugs, but they still boost the levels of dopamine significantly. As a result, they don't produce the same type of rebound effects that occur with shorter-acting drugs. Long-acting stimulants, due to the potential for adverse reactions, are usually prescribed as a secondary treatment for adults with ADHD and older teens. However, they can be used as a first-line treatment for some people with ADHD who haven't responded to other medications. While medication can help improve concentration and self-control, it's not the whole answer for those with ADHD. With the help of good sleep habits, healthy diets, and other self-help techniques it's possible to reduce or even eliminate the necessity for ADHD medication.